The Superfund program was built in 1980 on a polluter-pays trust fund, filled by excise taxes on petroleum and chemical feedstocks and by a corporate environmental tax. That excise tax lapsed on 1995-12-31. For the next twenty-six years the program ran on annual discretionary ap…
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23,268,560–77,652,857기준 FY2022 site inventory, published 2023-07
In July 2020 the Australian government and all eight state and territory governments signed the National Agreement on Closing the Gap. Target 12 commits every one of them to reduce the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0 to 17 in out-of-h…
Thirty-three Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people died in custody in Australia in 2024–25, the highest annual figure since national counting began in 1979–80. Twenty-six of those deaths occurred in prison custody, up from 18 the year before.
In 2022 the Commonwealth, state and territory governments released the National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032. One of the measures attached to it is a target to cut the number of women killed by an intimate partner by 25 percent each year, measured fr…
Two separate mechanisms exist to declare that the Great Barrier Reef is in trouble. One is international: the World Heritage Committee can place a property on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The other is domestic: under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 the reef …
In August 2023 the National Cabinet of Australia raised an earlier target of one million new homes to 1.2 million new well-located homes over the five years beginning 2024-07-01. The agreement was signed by the Commonwealth, the eight states and territories, the national associa…
Australia opened the National Redress Scheme on 2018-07-01, acting on a recommendation of the Royal Commission that examined institutional responses to child sexual abuse between 2013 and 2017. The scheme was legislated as a ten year arrangement. It stops taking applications on …
Australia has no national minimum age of criminal responsibility. Each of the eight states and territories sets the age in its own law, and the Commonwealth does not set one for the state and territory offences that make up the large majority of these matters.
The Murray-Darling Basin Plan, made in 2012 under the federal Water Act 2007, commits Australia to taking water back from irrigation and returning it to the river system. Two targets sit inside it. The first, called Bridging the Gap, began as 2,750 GL/y to be recovered over seve…
On 2023-12-07 the independent review of the National Disability Insurance Scheme delivered its final report. The first of its 26 recommendations was to invest in foundational supports — a new layer of assistance for people with disability under 65 and their families, sitting out…
Between 2015 and 2019 the Australian Commonwealth ran an automated welfare compliance programme, known publicly as Robodebt, that averaged annual income data to raise and pursue debts against welfare recipients. About 450,000 people were issued a debt under it. A Royal Commissio…
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450,000기준 2026 estimate of the 2015 to 2019 scheme period
The Australian Department of Veterans Affairs decides compensation and rehabilitation claims under three separate statutes — the Veterans Entitlements Act 1986, the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation (Defence-related Claims) Act 1988, and the Military Rehabilitation and Com…
On 2020-04-18 and 2020-04-19 an attack in Nova Scotia killed 22 people, the deadliest such event recorded in Canada. Twelve days later, on 2020-05-01, the federal cabinet prohibited more than 1,500 models and variants of what it called assault-style firearms, among them the AR-1…
There is no federal law setting drinking water standards on First Nations reserves in Canada, and there has not been one since 2022. The Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act, passed in 2013, was repealed on 2022-06-23 through the Budget Implementation Act, 2022, No. 1. The …
Jordan's Principle is a rule about who pays first. When a First Nations child needs a health, social or educational service and two governments or two departments disagree about which of them carries the cost, the government of first contact pays and the dispute over responsibil…
In 2019 New Zealand wrote a duty into the Oranga Tamariki Act. Section 7AA required Oranga Tamariki, the Ministry for Children, to reduce disparity for tamariki Māori through policies and practices with measurable outcome targets, to have regard to the mana, whakapapa and whanau…
New Zealand had a working pay equity claim procedure and then removed the claims that were using it. The Equal Pay Amendment Act 2020 was passed by Parliament without a dissenting vote in July 2020 and came into force that October, creating the first formal route for a female-do…
New Zealand buys publicly funded medicines through one agency, Pharmac, and the amount that agency may spend is fixed before it decides anything. The Combined Pharmaceutical Budget is a separate appropriation set by government, and Pharmac carries a duty to ensure that spending …
고준위 방사성폐기물 관리에 관한 특별법이 2025-02-27 국회 본회의를 통과했습니다. 찬성 190 · 기권 27 · 반대 8이었고, 법률 제20843호로 2025-03-25 공포돼 2025-09-26 시행됐습니다. 국무총리 소속 고준위방사성폐기물관리위원회가 법 시행과 함께 출범해 2026-02-23 첫 공식 회의를 열고 부지 적합성 조사계획을 심의했습니다.
A claim for federal disability benefits passes through as many as five stages: a nonmedical eligibility determination at a Social Security Administration field office, a medical determination at a state Disability Determination Services agency, reconsideration, a hearing before …